
Endometriosis is the leading cause of pelvic pain, laparoscopic surgery and hysterectomy in the United States.
With an estimated 176 million women worldwide suffering from the disorder, many women ask “What is endometriosis?”. The fact is understanding what endometriosis is goes a long way toward identifying the underlying source of pain. There is no known cure, but treatment options are available. It’s also important to understand the affects endometriosis may have on fertility, as not all women with the condition suffer from symptoms.
What is Endometriosis?
Endometrial tissue consists of stroma and glands, which should be located only within the uterus. Shed during menstruation each month, endometriosis occurs when these cells locate in other parts of the body—usually in the pelvis, on the ovaries, in the Fallopian tubes and on the outer surfaces of the uterus. The tissue occasionally attaches to the intestines and surface lining of the pelvic cavity. In some cases, doctors discover endometriosis in the vagina, cervix and bladder, while in extremely rare cases, implants may occur on the liver, old surgery scars, the lungs and in the brain.
Endometriosis and Fertility
In many instances, women with endometriosis experience no symptoms, yet experts say that 20 percent to 50 percent of all women treated for infertility suffer from the illness, making it even more important that women understand what endometriosis is . In fact, endometriosis is the leading cause of pelvic pain, laparoscopic surgery and hysterectomy in the United States. Researchers believe there is a link between endometriosis and fertility caused by either anatomic or hormonal factors that may reduce the chance of pregnancy. Because endometriosis can cause scarring, it is possible that anatomical changes to the reproductive organs reduce the chance of pregnancy. There is also some indication endometriosis may result in the increased production of hormones that have a negative effect on ovulation, fertilization or implantation.
Symptoms and Treatments
The most common symptom of endometriosis is pelvic pain of varying degrees, including during or just before menstruation, during intercourse or during bowel movements and urination. Because endometriosis primarily affects women during their reproductive years, there is a strong connection between endometriosis and pregnancy. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs suppress estrogen production and often decrease the size of endometriosis implants. However, there are side effects to the drugs that are very similar to menopausal symptoms related to the reduction of estrogen. Other drugs used to treat endometriosis include oral contraceptives, progestins, Danazol, Lupron and aromatase inhibitors, all of which have significant side effects and can be used only for a short time. Surgery is another method used for the treatment of endometriosis, especially when there is evidence of pelvic organ distortion or bowel obstruction. Unfortunately, recurrence of endometriosis is estimated to be as high as 40%. Because of the side effects of medications and the high incidence of recurrence after surgery, knowing what endometriosis isbecomes critical for women who may be suffering from pelvic pain or infertility.
Knowing what endometriosis isoffers insight for women who are suffering from continued pelvic pain or who have been unable to conceive. Because many women do not experience symptoms of endometriosis, it is possible to have the disease and be unaware that endometriosis and fertility have a strong connection. In addition, because the medications used to treat endometriosis, such as Lupron, have significant side effects, their use is limited. If you have taken Lupron and experienced any pain or discomfort, contact us to see if we can help you.